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when to use se calhar vs talvez?
As a learner you can use se calhar to begin with. For the reasons explained in the lesson. “Se calhar” – actually means ‘If it happens’ , a future subjunctive. The advantage of using this is that you will not have to know the subjunctive mood for all verbs, as only the verb ‘calhar – to happen’ needs to be in the future subjunctive.
The two are interchangeable.
If we use ‘se calhar’ we can follow with the simple forms of the verb, either in the present, past or future.
Se calhar, vou ver a Joana – Maybe I will go to see Joana
Se calhar, o motorista adormeceu – maybe the driver fell asleep
Se calhar, como o frango – may I (will) eat the chicken.
When using ‘talvez’ we have to use the present, past or future subjunctive or even a compound tenses:
Talvez o motorista tenha adormecido. (ter + past participle) – se calhar o motorista adormeceu
Talvez vá ver a Joana amanhã. (ir) – se calhar, vou ver a Joana
Talvez possa ir ver a Joana. (poder) – se calhar, posso ir ver a Joana
Talvez queira ir ver a Joana. (querer) – Se calhar, quero ir ver a Joana
So for the learner it is much easier to start with ‘se calhar‘, until they know how to conjugate the subjunctive forms.
Estes sapatos estão apertados – these shoes are too tight (on me)- why do we use estão here instead of são? If shoes are too small then aren’t they permanently tight? Or are the feet are swollen so it is a temporary thing?
What is meant here is the shoes are tight (on me) they are not tight on everybody, they might be looser on somebody with smaller feet. It doesn’t really have anything to do with permanence but rather depends on who is trying them on. You could say os sapatos são novos e por isso estão apertados – the shoes are new, therefor they are tight.
Thanks for clarifying Amanda